Experience, but not age, is associated with volumetric mushroom body expansion in solitary alkali bees
نویسندگان
چکیده
ABSTRACT In social insects, changes in behavior are often accompanied by structural the brain. This neuroplasticity may come with experience (experience-dependent) or age (experience-expectant). Yet, evolutionary relationship between and sociality is unclear, because we know little about solitary relatives of species. We used confocal microscopy to measure brain response a halictid bee (Nomia melanderi). First, compared volume individual regions among newly emerged females, laboratory females deprived reproductive foraging experience, free-flying, nesting females. Experience, but not age, led significant expansion mushroom bodies – higher-order processing centers associated learning memory. Next, investigated how influences comparing brains kept either alone paired another female. Paired had significantly larger olfactory bodies. Together, these experimental results indicate that experience-dependent common both taxa, whereas experience-expectant be an adaptation life colony. Further, chemical signals have facilitated evolution sociality.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Journal of Experimental Biology
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1477-9145', '0022-0949']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.238899